Scientific Data and Units

System International [Metric]

Table 1: Base Units
Symbol	Physical Quantity	Name
m	Length	Meter
kg	Mass	Kilogram
s	Time	Second
A	Electric Current	Ampere
K	Thermodynamic Temperature	Kelvin
mol	Amount Of Substance	Mole

Table 2: Derived Units
Symbol	Physical Quantity	Name	Definition
Hz	frequency	Hertz	[/s]
J	energy	Joule	[m² kg /s²]
N	force	Newton	[m kg /s² = J /m³]
W	power	Watt	[m² kg /s³ = J /s³]
Pa	pressure	Pascal	[/m kg /s² = N /m² =J /m³]
C	electric charge	Coulomb	[s A]
V	potential difference	Volt	[/m² kg /s³ /A = J /s /A]
Ω	electrical resistance	Ohm	[/m² /kg³ /A² = V /A]
l	volume-liquid	litre	[dm³]

Table 3: Prefixes
Symbol	Name	Definition
T	tera	e+12
G	giga	e+09
M	mega	e+06
k	kilo	e+03
h	hecto	e+02
D	deca	e+01
d	deci	e-01
c	centi	e-02
m	milli	e-03
u	micro	e-06
n	nano	e-09
p	pico	e-12
f	femto	e-15
a	atto	e-18

Table 4: Common Metric-based Units
Symbol	Physical Quantity	Name	Definition
A	Length	Angstrom	e-10 m
dyn	Force	Dyne	e-5 N
bar	Pressure		e-5 N /m²
erg	Energy		e-7 J
H	Area	hectare	e+4 m²

Physical Constants (cgs)

Symbol	Quantity	Value	Units
amu	Atomic Mass Unit	1.6605655e-24	[g]
No	Avogadro's Number	6.02204e23	[#/mole]
e	Electron Charge	1.6021892e-19	[C]
e	Electron Charge	4.803242e-24	[esu]
m/e	Electron Rest Mass	9.109534e-28	[g]
m/e	Electron Rest Mass	5.485803e-4	[amu]
m/p	Proton Rest Mass	1.6726485e-24	[g]
m/p	Proton Rest Mass	1.0072674	[amu]
m/n	Neutron Rest Mass	1.6749543e-24	[g]
m/n	Neutron Rest Mass	1.0086650	[amu]
F	Faraday's Constant	9.648456e4	[C/mole]
F	Faraday's Constant	2.8925342e4	[cal/V]
h	Planck's Constant	6.626176e-27	[erg s]
K	Boltzman's Constant	1.380663e-16	[erg/K]
c	Speed of Light (vacuum)	2.9979246e10	[cm/s]
R*	Rydberg Constant	1.0973718e5	[/cm]
R	Gas Radius	8.2056e-2	[atm/K-mole]
		8.3144	[J/K-mole]
		8.3144e7	[erg/K-mole]
		1.9872	[cal/K-mole]

Local Units, Time and Angular Measure

Commonly Used Units
Symbol	Physical Quantity	Name	Definition	SI
lb	mass	Pound		0.45359237 kg
kgf	force	Kilogram-Force	9.80665 N
torr	pressure	Torr		0.133322 N /m²
atm	pressure	Atmosphere	760 torr
amu	mass	Atomic Mass Unit		1.6605655e-27 kg
D	electric dipole moment	Debye		3.33564e-30 A m s
eV	energy	Electron Volt		1.60219e-19 J
BTU	energy	British Thermal Unit		1055.056 J
kWh	energy	Kilowatt-Hour		3.6e6 J
cal⊂t⊂h	energy	Thermochemical Calorie		4.184 J
°C	temperature	Centigrade		=K + 273
°F	temperature	Fahrenheit		9/5*(°C+32)
in	length (UK)	Inch		2.54e-2 m
ft	length (UK)	foot	12 in	0.3048 m
yd	length (UK)	yard	3 ft	0.9144 m
rod	length (UK)	rod	5.5 yd	5.0292 m
furlong	length (UK)	furlong	220 yd
mi	length (UK)	mile	1760 yd	1609.3 m
acre	area (UK)	acre	160 rod²	0.404687 H
section	area (UK)	section	mile²
load	volume-sand	load	yd³
cd	volume-wood	cord	128 ft³	3.624 m³
perch	volume-stone	perch	24.75 ft³
drop	capacity-liquid (APO)	drop		61.6e-6 l
minim	capacity-liquid (APO)	minim		61.6e-6 l
fl drachm	capacity-liquid (APO)	fluid drachm	60 drops	3.69e-3 l
fl ounce	capacity-liquid (APO)	fluid ounce	8 drachms	29.57e-3 l
gi	capacity-liquid (UK)	gill		0.118292 l
pt	capacity-liquid (UK)	liquid pint	4 gi = 16 fl ounces	0.4732 l
qt	capacity-liquid (UK)	liquid quart	2 pi	0.9463 l
gal	capacity-liquid (UK)	gallon	8 pi	3.7853 l
bbl	capacity-liquid (UK)	barrel	31.5 gal
hhd	capacity-liquid (UK)	hogshead	2 bbl
pt	capacity-dry (UK)	dry pint
qt	capacity-dry (UK)	dry quart	2 pts	1.1012 l
peck	capacity-dry (UK)	peck	8 qts	8.810 l
bushel	capacity-dry (UK)	bushel	4 pecks	35.23 l
grain	weight (APO/TROY)	grain		.0648 g
scruple	weight (APO)	scruple	20 grains
dram	weight (APO)	dram	60 grains
ounce	weight (APO)	ounce	8 drams
lb	weight (APO/TROY)	Pound	12 ounces, 5760 grains	373.2 g
drachm	weight (AVOIR)	drachm
ounce	weight (AVOIR)	ounce	16 drachm	28.350 g
lb	weight (AVOIR)	Pound	16 ounces	453.6 g
ton	weight (AVOIR)	short ton	2000 lbs	0.9072 tonneau
long ton	weight (AVOIR)	long ton	2240 lbs	1.016 tonneau
grain	weight (AVOIR)	grain
hundredweight	weight (AVOIR)	hundredweight	7000 grains,	112 lbs
pennyweight	weight (TROY)	pennyweight	24 grains
ounce	weight (TROY)	ounce	20 pennyweights	31.103 g
carat	weight (TROY)	carat	3.2 grains

APO: Apothecaries' Weight
AVOIR: Avoirdupois Weight
TROY: Troy Weight
UK: United Kingdom (England)

Time
Symbol	Name	Definition
min	minute	60 s
hr	hour	60 min
	day	24 hrs
	week	7 days
	month
	fortnight	2 weeks
yr	common year	365 days = 12 months
	leap year	366 days
	decade	10 yrs
	century	10 decades

Angular Measure
Symbol	Name	Definition
rad	radian	2 π rad in circle
grad	gradian	400 grad in circle
°	degrees	60', 360 deg in circle
"	seconds
'	minutes	60"
quad	quadrant	90 °

Basic Physics

A Standard Symbols
Symbol	Quantity	Units
λ	wavelength	[m]
f	frequency	[/s]
ω	angular frequency	[/s]
k,σ	wavenumber	[cm^-1]
p	momentum	[kg m /s]
E	energy	[kg m /s²]
h	Planck's const	[J s]

Basic Equations
Quantity	Related quantity
λ	= c / f
ω	= 2 π f
k	= 2 π /λ
p	= h / λ
E	= h f

C Energy Conversion
Base Unit	Conversion factor
1[eV]	= e-6 [MeV] = 1.602e-12 [erg] = 3.829e-20 [cal]
1[eV]	~ 1.783e-33g ~ 11,605 K
1[Cal]	= 4.184 [J]
1[cm^-1]	~ 1.986e-16 [erg]